Medical Law, Ethics, and Professionalism (MLEP) Module 3 and 4 Practice Exam

These questions are part of the practice quiz. Start practicing

• Which doctrine is described as 'the thing speaks for itself' and is used when no expert testimony is needed due to obvious negligence?
• Law that involves wrongful acts against persons.
• Which term refers to a legal document requiring appearance as a witness or deposition?
• Statements are sworn to under oath by witnesses testifying in court and giving depositions.
• Which term is used for a healthcare professional who temporarily fills in for another?
• What is the duty to warn, and when might confidentiality be breached to protect third parties?
• Damages awarded by the court to punish the defendant.
• How should clinicians respond when hospital administration pressures conflict with patient preferences?
• What is a proper process for reporting professional misconduct within a healthcare organization?
• Which term refers to someone who has not reached the age of majority?
• What are professional obligations during a pandemic regarding duty to treat and risk to clinicians?
• How is the appropriate standard of care determined for a procedure or treatment?
• The legal principle that a claim cannot be retried between the same parties if it has already been legally resolved is called what?
• Which statement about minors' decision-making is correct?
• Which practice is ethically appropriate for language barriers in informed consent?
• Which term denotes the legal principle that a claim cannot be retried after a final resolution?
• Which term is a written court document issued to the defendant directing a response to the charges in a lawsuit?
• A method of settling disputes in which the opposing parties agree to abide by the decision of an arbitrator is
• A plea is made for a case to be reviewed by a higher court and posttrial motions are filed
• What is the recommended response when an adverse medical event or error occurs?
• What constitutes a professional boundaries violation, and why are sexual relationships with patients prohibited?
• Which term refers to the party who initiates legal action in a civil case?
• A contract provides coverage for potential damages incurred as a result of a negligent act. Which term describes this coverage?
• Which term defines a crime punishable by a fine or by imprisonment in a facility other than a prison for less than one year?
• Which concept emphasizes care, communication, competence, and charting as preventative measures in medical practice?
• Which term describes a contract with explicit terms, often written?
• The person bringing charges in a lawsuit.
• When is organ donation consent needed, and who may authorize donation?
• Which term is used for disputes resolved outside court by neutral third parties?
• Which branch is made up of the Supreme Court and other federal courts, and is charged with the interpretation of laws and the administration of justice?
• The statutory or written law that defines and regulates legal rights and obligations is
• A person living away from home and responsible for their own support is an:
• Which term describes sworn statements given under oath by witnesses in court or deposition?
• That standard of behavior judges a person's actions in a situation according to what a reasonable person would or would not do under similar circumstances.
• Which term best describes law made by courts and based on precedent?
• What principles govern medical research involving human subjects?
• What protections exist for individuals who report professional misconduct within a healthcare organization?
• Which term describes a patient who is unable to make decisions about medical treatment due to a disturbance in the functioning of the mind or brain?
• A program of measures taken by health care providers to uphold the quality of patient care and is commonly abbreviated QA?
• A contract formed by conduct rather than written or spoken words is known as what?
• The body of law that defines and regulates rights and obligations, not focusing on procedural rules, is known as
• What are the four malpractice elements and how does evidence of causation affect liability?
• Which telemedicine practice best protects patient privacy?
• Which statement about professional boundaries is accurate?
• Which term describes consent that is explicitly stated, such as signing a form?
• Settlement of civil disputes between parties using neutral mediators or arbitrators without going to court.
• Which term refers to law that involves crimes against the state?
• Which branch is responsible for carrying out and enforcing laws?
• What is essential when obtaining consent for telemedicine?
• What term describes anyone under the age of majority?
• A defense that claims innocence of the charges or that one or more of the four Ds of negligence are lacking.
• How should incidental findings in genetic testing be handled in terms of disclosure?
• Which term describes law derived from constitutional provisions at the federal and state levels?
• Which term means legally responsible or obligated?
• Unlawful restraint of a person, whether in prison or otherwise, is called:
• In surrogate decision-making for an incapacitated patient, which approach should guide decisions?
• What are patient rights under data protection laws regarding access to their medical records?
• In the trial process, which phase typically includes jury selection and opening statements?
• When documenting consent, how should alternatives be addressed?
• What term refers to improper, illegal or negligent professional activity or treatment?
• Under the emergency doctrine, when is consent not required, and what limits apply?
• What should be documented regarding language or accessibility accommodations in consent?
• Which term describes the performance of a totally wrongful and unlawful act?
• How do voluntariness and coercion differ in obtaining consent?
• Which term denotes the phase of seeking review by a higher court?
• When a provider breaches duty of care to a patient, this is called
• Which term describes a legal strategy that focuses on procedural rules to end a case without addressing the merits?
• Which insurance coverage extends after a claims-made policy ends to cover claims alleged to have occurred during the policy period?
• The person or party against whom criminal or civil charges are brought in a lawsuit is called the:
• Which action is part of the duties around reporting medical device or drug safety concerns?
• Damages awarded to compensate for losses caused indirectly by a product defect.
• A civil wrong caused by carelessness rather than intent is called
• Which term describes failure to act as a reasonable person would in similar circumstances?
• What are the elements of negligence and malpractice in medical law?
• What is the standard of care, and how is it established?
• What is the recommended approach to Do-Not-Resuscitate orders with respect to patient preferences and family input?
• Which term refers to a physician temporarily filling in for another?
• Which term denotes a category of torts that includes intentional misconduct such as assault and battery?
• State legislation governing written contracts is known as
• Failure of either party to comply with the terms of a legally valid contract.
• An affirmative defense claimed by the defendant, alleging that the plaintiff contributed to the injury by a certain degree.
• Why is documenting triage decisions during a crisis important?
• What are typical requirements for data security and breach response in medical records?
• Which term describes the protection for those who provide emergency assistance from liability?
• Which term refers to dishonest practices aimed at depriving someone of their rights?
• A legal defense that holds that the defendant is not guilty of a negligent act because the plaintiff knew of and accepted beforehand any risks involved.
• Which term describes the unwritten law developed in England primarily from judicial decisions based on custom and tradition?
• Which document compels the production of documents or records for court?
• Which term refers to the law that governs the powers of the government and its relationship to individuals through the Constitution?
• Laws enacted by state or federal legislatures
• Which term refers to the taking of steps to minimize danger, hazard, and liability?
• What are common safeguards for documentation of consent in the medical record?
• Which type of liability insurance covers any claims arising from an incident that occurred or is alleged to have occurred during the policy period, regardless of when the claim is made?
• The level of performance expected in professional duties is called
• What is the method in which a neutral third party listens to both sides and helps resolve a dispute without imposing a solution?
• Threatening to strike or harm with a weapon or physical movement, resulting in fear.
• How should clinicians handle conflicts of interest arising from gifts or funding from industry?
• Which element is essential to informed consent in research?
• Which statement about impairment and capacity is most accurate?
• Which doctrine describes intentionally or recklessly causing emotional distress to another?
• Permission from a person, either expressed or implied, for something to be done by another.
• How should clinicians handle gifts from industry to avoid bias?
• Which term corresponds to the '4 D's of negligence' (duty, dereliction, damage, direct cause)?
• Enabling statutes enacted to define powers and procedures when an agency is created.
• Which principle in medical ethics requires a patient to have sufficient information and understanding before making decisions about their medical care?
• Which term means the failure to act when one should?
• caring, communication, competence, charting
• Which term describes the performance of a lawful act in an illegal or improper manner?
• Which statement best defines shared decision-making?
• The legal basis for informed consent, usually outlined in a state's medical practice acts, is the:
• Unlawful restraint of a person is called
• What is the role of an Institutional Review Board in medical research?
• Which term describes the release of the tortfeasor from further liability in a settlement?
• Which term describes a fund-based arrangement whereby insured individuals contribute to a fund to pay potential damages?
• In consent processes, which statement about documenting cultural considerations is accurate?
• In a criminal case, what term describes the government as plaintiff?
• How is decision-making capacity assessed in adults, and what factors indicate impairment?
• What is a typical consequence of proven research misconduct?
• An unintentional tort is alleged when one may have performed or failed to perform an act that a reasonable person would or would not have done in similar circumstances.
• When language barriers exist, how should consent be obtained to ensure validity?
• Which law governs the relationship between a principal and his or her agent?
• Which term describes the doctrine that allows the court to infer negligence without expert testimony because the facts alone establish negligence?
• What special confidentiality considerations apply to genetic and genomic information?
• What term refers to defenses used in a lawsuit that are based on legal technicalities?
• In dispute resolution, which process involves a neutral third party who listens to both sides and helps them reach a voluntary agreement, without imposing a decision?
• The person guilty of committing a tort is
• What is the recommended approach when a patient requests an unproven treatment?
• Which statement about truth-telling, nondisclosure, and therapeutic deception is accurate?
• In a team-based care setting, what is the appropriate principle for sharing patient information?
• Which term describes a supplement to a claims-made policy obtained from a new carrier when health care practitioners change carriers?
• Which term describes the release of the tortfeasor from liability during a settlement?
• Which term refers to court-ordered monetary awards given to patients for legally recognized injuries?
• What does data minimization mean in cross-border data sharing?
• What term refers to a written set of questions requiring written answers from a plaintiff or defendant under oath?
• Law established through common law and legal precedent.
• Decisions by judges that establish rules of law for future cases are known as what?
• Why is cultural competence important in obtaining informed consent?
• Which term describes the failure to act when one should?
• Which term describes the contract formed by conduct rather than explicit words?
• The legal obligation of health care workers to patients and, sometimes, nonpatients is the
• Which term covers damages awarded to punish the defendant?
• The legal obligation of health care workers to patients is known as the:
• Which term denotes the power of a court to hear and decide a case?
• Which statement best describes truthful communication with patients when life expectancy is limited?
• Which practice supports patient confidentiality in electronic health records?
• Which branch is primarily responsible for interpreting laws in the government system?
• What describes the duty to disclose medical errors and common barriers to disclosure?
• How should consent and confidentiality be handled for minors seeking contraception or reproductive services?
• What term denotes a false statement or deceptive practice intended to injure another?
• Which legal term denotes that a claim cannot be relitigated after it has been legally resolved between the same parties?
• How should scarce resource allocation and triage decisions be made during a crisis?
• Which term describes a supplement to a claims-made policy purchased when changing carriers?
• Law that derives from federal and state constitutions.
• Which term is the unwritten law developed in England primarily from judicial decisions based on custom and tradition?
• Which term refers to sworn testimony given and recorded outside the courtroom during the pretrial phase?
• In sharing genetic or genomic information, which principle governs disclosure?
• What does the best interests standard require in pediatric decision-making when capacity is uncertain?
• A type of affirmative defense in which the person who comes to the aid of a victim in an emergency is not held liable under certain circumstances.
• How should physicians disclose financial conflicts of interest with industry?
• During which phase are a jury selected, opening statements made, witnesses called, and a verdict reached?
• What is the purpose of professional accountability mechanisms such as licensure and peer review?
• What are privacy considerations in health information exchanges and cross-border data sharing?
• Which phase of court proceedings ends with the verdict following a trial?
• In end-of-life care, what is the role of advance directives and surrogate decision-makers?
• What is the power of a court to hear and decide a case called?
• The person who commits a civil wrong is called
• Which phrase describes the wrongful act of injuring another's reputation by making false statements?
• What is the term for state laws that protect helpers who stop to assist in emergencies from negligence charges?
• A rule or regulation issued by the president that becomes law without the prior approval of Congress is called an:
• Which of the following is NOT a component of decision-making capacity?
• Which term describes a presidential rule that becomes law without congressional approval?
• Which branch of government is responsible for carrying out and enforcing laws and includes the president, vice president, the Cabinet, and executive departments?
• Which term describes the decisions by judges that create rules for future cases?
• What type of liability insurance covers the insured only for claims made during the policy period, not for injuries that occurred outside that period?
• Which branch of government consists of the House of Representatives and the Senate and makes laws, including taxation and spending policies?
• The person against whom charges are brought in civil or criminal cases is called the
• This form of consent arises from a patient's behavior indicating permission, such as extending an arm for a blood draw.
• Which term also describes a program aimed at maintaining or improving the quality of patient care and is sometimes used interchangeably with QA?
• Which branch interprets laws and administers justice?
• Which term is a legal document requiring the recipient to appear as a witness in court or to give a deposition?
• How should clinicians disclose prognostic information while preserving hope?
• Which term defines the period of time established by state law during which a lawsuit may be filed?
• Which term refers to state statutes that allow beneficiaries to recover for the estate's losses due to negligence?
• How do privacy and public health considerations interact with physician confidentiality?
• Which type of insurance covers claims arising from an incident that occurred during the policy period, regardless of when the claim is made?
• Which defense indicates the plaintiff's own conduct contributed to the harm?
• Which term describes an insurance coverage option whereby insured subscribers contribute to a trust fund to be used in paying potential damage awards?
• How do public health laws such as vaccination mandates balance individual rights and community protection?
• A patient who cannot decide on medical treatment due to a disturbance of mind or brain
• Which term refers to interference with a person's right to be left alone?
• The body of unwritten law developed in England largely from judicial decisions based on custom.
• Which term refers to court-ordered monetary awards for negligence injuries?
• Which concept is defined as a voluntary agreement between two parties in which promises are made for consideration?
• Which doctrine makes an employer legally responsible for employees' acts performed within the scope of employment?
• How should researchers protect vulnerable populations such as children or cognitively impaired individuals in research?
• Which statement about determining the standard of care for a procedure is true?
• Which term refers to a contract rule requiring writing to be enforceable?
• If a policy-related bias is suspected in resource allocation, what is the appropriate action?
• What is needed to ensure transparency in organ transplantation waitlist criteria?
• How should clinicians respond to requests for non-evidence-based treatments driven by cultural or personal beliefs?
• Which option is NOT part of the duties around reporting medical device or drug safety concerns?
• A person under the age of majority who may consent to birth control or pregnancy-related care without parental consent is called what?
• Which term refers to state statutes allowing a deceased's beneficiaries to recover for lost future earnings when death was caused by negligence?
• The government as the plaintiff in a criminal case.
• A voluntary agreement between two parties in which specific promises are made for consideration.
• What distinguishes palliative sedation from euthanasia or physician-assisted death?
• Law passed by the U.S. Congress or state legislatures is called
• What principle should guide organ transplantation waitlist decisions?
• What is deferred consent (broad consent) in emergency research, and what protections apply?
• Which statement accurately describes withholding vs withdrawing life-sustaining treatment?
• What are mandatory reporting obligations for suspected child or elder abuse by physicians?
• What document requires the recipient to bring certain written records to court to be used as evidence in a lawsuit?
• Which of the following are the five essential elements of informed consent, including what is needed to make it legally valid?
• In medical contexts, which form of consent is based on a patient's actions rather than explicit agreement?
• Which offense is punishable by death or imprisonment for more than one year?
• In pediatric decision-making, how is capacity determined?
• Acts that are not intended to cause harm but are committed unreasonably with a disregard of the consequences are
• Which term is the overarching category of civil wrongs that includes assault and battery?
• Which term means law enacted by legislatures at the state or federal level?
• Defenses used by defendants in medical professional liability suits that allow the accused to present factual evidence that the patient's condition was caused by some factor other than the defendant's negligence.
• Law that defines the rules used to enforce substantive law.
• Without legal force or effect is
• What is the role of the patient-physician relationship in safe prescribing and avoiding overuse?
• Terms of a contract are explicitly stated; most often in writing, describe an: